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PHP Basics Reference Cheat Sheet

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This cheat sheet covers Data Types, Variable Declarations, Common Array Functions, Comments, Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Logical Operators, Assignment Operators, String Concatenation, String Manipulation, Cookies, Sessions, Error Handling, Super Globals, If Else Syntax, Inline If (Ternary), For Loop, For Each Loop, While Loop, Do-While Loop, Switch, Function Structure, Class Structure, Declare and Use Class

Data Types

integer, float, boolean, string, array, object, resource, NULL

Variable Declarations

$variablename = <value>;
$anothervariable =& $variablename; (Assign by Reference)

Declare Array

$arrayname = array();

Initialize Array

$arrayname = array(<value1>, <value2>, <value3>);
$arrayname = array(<key> => <value>, <key> => <value>); (Define Keys)
$multiarray = array(<key> => array(<value1>,<value2>)); (Multi-dimensional)

Common Array Functions

sort(<array>); (Sort array assigns new keys)
asort(<array>); (Sort array maintain keys)
rsort(<array>); (Sort array in reverse, new keys)
arsort(<array>); (Sort array in reverse, maintain keys)
count(<array>); (Count elements)
count(<array>,COUNT_RECURSIVE); (Count multidimensional array)
array_push(<array>,<value>); (Push item onto end of array)
array_pop(<array>); (Pop item off end of array)

Comments

// Comment text
/* Multi-line comment text */
# Comment text

Arithmetic Operators

+ (Addition), - (Subtraction), * (Multiplication), / (Division), % (Modulus)

Relational Operators

== (Equal), === (Equal with type comparison), != (Not equal), <> (Not equal), !== (Not Equal
with type comparison), < (Less than), > (Greater than), <= (Less than or equal to), >=
(Greater than or equal to)

Logical Operators

! (logical NOT), && (logical AND), || (logical OR), xor (logical XOR)

Assignment Operators

= (Assign), += (Addition), -= (Subtraction), *= (Multiplication), /= (Division), .=
(Concatenation), %= (Modulus), &= (And), |= (Or), ^= (Exclusive Or), <<= (Left Shift), >>=
(Right Shift)

String Concatenation

. (Period)

String Manipulation

substr(<string>,<start>,[<length>]);
strlen(<string>);
trim(<string>);
ltrim(<string>); // Trim left
rtrim(<string>); // Trim right
strtolower(<string>);
strtoupper(<string>);
str_replace(<search>,<replace>,<string>,[<count>]);
strpos(<string>, <search>);
strcmp(<string1>,<string2>); (Binary safe string comparison)
strcasecmp(<string1>,<string2>); (Binary safe case-insensitive comparison)
explode(<delim>,<string>,[<limit>]); (Break string into array)
implode(<delim>,<array>); (Join array into string separated by delim)

Cookies

setcookie (<cookiename>, [<value>],[<expire_time_in_secs_since_epoch>]);
$_COOKIE['cookiename']; (Returns value of cookie)

Sessions

session_start(); (Create session)
$_SESSION['key_name'] = value; (Set session variable)
$variablename = $_SESSION['key_name']; (Retrieve value from session variable)
session_destroy(); (Destroy session)

Error Handling

try {
<statements that may cause error>;
}
catch (<Exception Class> $exception_name)
{
<statements to execute when error is caught>;
}

Super Globals

$GLOBALS (Access all global variables in script)
$_SERVER (Access web server variables)
$_GET (Values passed to script through URL)
$_POST (Values passed to script through HTTP Post)
$_COOKIE (Values passed by user cookie)
$_FILES (Values passed by HTTP Post File Uploads)
$_ENV (Values passed to script via the environment)
$_REQUEST (Values passed by URL, HTTP Post, or user Cookies)
$_SESSION (Values passed through user's session)

If Else

if (<condition 1>)
{ <statement 1>; }
elseif (<condition 2>)
{ <statement 2>; }
else
{ <statement 3>; }

Inline If (Ternary)

<condition> ? true : false;

For Loop

for (<initialize>;<condition>;<update>)
{
<statements>;
}

For Each Loop

foreach (<array> as [<value> |<key> => <value>])
{
<statements>;
[break];
[continue];
}

While Loop

while (<condition>)
{
<statements>;
}

Do-While Loop

do
{
<statements>;
} while (<condition>);

Switch

switch (<expression>)
{
case <literal or type>:
<statements>;
[break;]
case <literal or type>:
<statements>;
[break;]
default:
<statements>;
}

Function Structure

function <function_name>([<parameters>])
{
<statements>;
[return <value>;]
}

Class Structure

class <class_name> [<extends base_class>]
{
[var | <modifiers*>] [<class member variables>];
[<modifiers*>] function <function_name>([<parameters>])
{
<statements>;
}
}
* Modifiers <public | pr ivate | static> are implemented in PHP5

Declare and Use Class

$variable = new class_name();
$variable->function_name();
class_name::function_name(); (Static call)

Comments

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Last Updated ( Sunday, 22 June 2008 )

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